英文摘要的最基本原則

文章日期：2013-05-24 09:36

這其實應該是英文作文的原則，例如
1.事實用現在式，研究方法跟結果因為已經做完，所以用過去式或完成式。
2.主詞不是人的，應用被動式。
3.數字少於10者，請用one, two, three, 不要用阿拉伯數字1,2,3.
4.數字在字首，則也用英文而非阿拉伯數字，例如 One hundred questionnaires .....,

Email 禮貌

禮貌--有關 email

文章日期：2013-05-21 16:21

email禮貌或許個人各有見地，但至少

收到他人信件，當下儘速回復，即使只寫四個字都可以，但不要杳無音訊。

Dear ***

  Received with thanks.

Cheers,

***

應該注意卻老是未注意

這看似抱怨文，其實是語重心長啊~~~

文章日期：2013-05-21 16:05

教書教到第五年，開始會要把這些感想跟事情記下來，

第一件事是
有一些，講過many many many times，
卻總是看到學生用著無辜的眼神看著我
1. 好似從來沒聽過，或者  2. 說知道，可是忘記了
3. 更無辜的會說，老師，我不會~~~
我想，妳們都是二十二歲以上的年輕人了。

運用遊客心態打造生態旅遊環境

Understanding heterogeneous preference of tourists for big game species: 運用遊客心態打造生態旅遊環境

文章日期：2013-05-19 08:10

     隨著生態旅遊越來越興盛，也開始有"客製化"生態旅遊的想法，最早有很多研究旅遊動機，例如潛水的動機是因為特有種生物、生物多樣性、生物豐富度、天氣、地質或者與友同遊的心態而參與潛水活動。
     也有些以PCA集群分析法分析國家公園的旅客特質，看是喜歡動物生態、植物生態、生物多樣性或者是離群索居的遊客設計不同套裝行程。
    此篇則是以choice experiment approach的方式探討到南非國家公園的旅客想法，包括會因為經濟能力(有錢人或非)以及經驗而有不同需求。這些結果都可以做為國家公園管理處管理保育生態系的重點方向。
    我們是不是也能用此去分析釣客的心態及種類，去規畫友善的釣魚環境呢？
    一樣是研究，如何把成果講得很有價值也是一門學問。

Gene expression profiling of breast cancer survivability---用21個基因推測乳癌，夠有效率!

文章日期：2013-05-17 12:11

Gene expression profiling of breast cancer survivability by pooled cDNA microarray analysis using logistic regression, artificial neural networks and decision trees

Hsiu-Ling Chou¹, Chung-Tay Yao², Sui-Lun Su³, Chia-Yi Lee³, Kuang-Yu Hu⁴, Harn-Jing Terng⁵, Yun-Wen Shih³, Yu-Tien Chang³, Yu-Fen Lu³, Chi-Wen Chang⁶, Mark L Wahlqvist⁷, Thomas Wetter⁸ and Chi-Ming Chu^3*

BMC Bioinformatics 2013, 14:100 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-14-100

Abstract

Background

Microarray technology can acquire information about thousands of genes simultaneously. We analyzed published breast cancer microarray databases to predict five-year recurrence and compared the performance of three data mining algorithms of artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees (DT) and logistic regression (LR) and two composite models of DT-ANN and DT-LR. The collection of microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus, four breast cancer datasets were pooled for predicting five-year breast cancer relapse. After data compilation, 757 subjects, 5 clinical variables and 13,452 genetic variables were aggregated. The bootstrap method, Mann–Whitney U test and 20-fold cross-validation were performed to investigate candidate genes with 100 most-significant p-values. The predictive powers of DT, LR and ANN models were assessed using accuracy and the area under ROC curve. The associated genes were evaluated using Cox regression.

Results

The DT models exhibited the lowest predictive power and the poorest extrapolation when applied to the test samples. The ANN models displayed the best predictive power and showed the best extrapolation. The 21 most-associated genes, as determined by integration of each model, were analyzed using Cox regression with a 3.53-fold (95% CI: 2.24-5.58) increased risk of breast cancer five-year recurrence…

Conclusions

The 21 selected genes can predict breast cancer recurrence. Among these genes, CCNB1, PLK1 and TOP2A are in the cell cycle G2/M DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Oncologists can offer the genetic information for patients when understanding the gene expression profiles on breast cancer recurrence.

Keywords:

Breast cancer; Microarray; Artificial neural network; Logistic regression; Decision tree

使用資料探勘演算法預測非肺小細胞肺癌患者存活情形及其效能比較

使用資料探勘演算法預測非肺小細胞肺癌患者存活情形及其效能比較

文章日期：2013-05-17 12:02

資料越來越多，資料探勘也越來越重要，特別是資訊不足的時候，模式很重要
下面研究三種探勘方法，建議用決策樹決定變項，將變項丟進LOGISTIC MODEL，
不過因為樣本數要夠多，四百多個可能都不太夠，
所以樣本不夠就靠類神經方法可能幫得上忙!

Author: 翁紹宏* 陳麗帆 朱基銘 白璐 楊燦 劉立 孫建安
摘要
本研究使用決策樹、類神經網路和邏輯斯迴歸模型三種資料探勘演算法來探討影響非小細胞肺癌的預後因子及影響模型預測能力的因素（不同資料庫、不同死因、單或複合模型和樣本大小）。本研究的研究對象為美國癌症登記資料檔（the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, SEER），選取自西元1988年至2004年間診斷為非小細胞肺癌患者，並依據死因的不同將其分為死於肺癌與死於轉移癌;資料經過修整後，共有16個自變項納入分析，並根據其存活情形分為一年、三年和五年存活情形。模型的評估指標為準確率（accuracy, ACC）、ROC曲線下的面積（area under the ROC curve, AUC）和外推力(external generalization)。為避免隨機抽樣造成資料的誤差，本研究將對資料庫進行十折交叉驗證（10-fold cross-validation）。

研究結果顯示，影響美國非小細胞肺癌患者死於肺癌的一年、三年和五年存活情形預後因子為手術種類、臨床分組和腫瘤擴散程度;影響非小細胞肺癌患者死於轉移癌的一年、三年和五年存活情形預後因子為手術種類、臨床分期和檢驗淋巴結個數。

三個模型的預測力表現以類神經網路模型的表現較好，外推能力則以邏輯斯廻歸模型表現較好。樣本人數建議為至少為3500人，其中以邏輯氏回歸模型最容易受到小樣本的影響; 決策樹則是會因為資料庫提供的訊息不足而無法成樹。複合模型的部份，其結果顯示，當決策樹的測試組的ACC值較另外兩個模型好時，則複合模型的測試組AUC值就會提高。
關鍵字：lung cancer, decision tree, artificial neural network, logistic regression, SEER

Statin Use and Reduced Cancer-Related Mortality--標題寫得好!

Statin Use and Reduced Cancer-Related Mortality--標題寫得好!

文章日期：2013-05-17 11:57

不是只有台灣有健保資料庫~~~

 

Statin Use and Reduced Cancer-Related Mortality

Sune F. Nielsen, Ph.D., Børge G. Nordestgaard, M.D., D.M.Sc., and Stig E. Bojesen, M.D., Ph.D., D.M.Sc.

N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1792-1802November 8, 2012DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1201735

BACKGROUND

A reduction in the availability of cholesterol may limit the cellular proliferation required for cancer growth and metastasis. We tested the hypothesis that statin use begun before a cancer diagnosis is associated with reduced cancer-related mortality.

METHODS

We assessed mortality among patients from the entire Danish population who had received a diagnosis of cancer between 1995 and 2007, with follow-up until December 31, 2009. Among patients 40 years of age or older, 18,721 had used statins regularly before the cancer diagnosis and 277,204 had never used statins.

RESULTS

Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for statin users, as compared with patients who had never used statins, were 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.87) for death from any cause and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.87) for death from cancer. Adjusted hazard ratios for death from any cause according to the defined daily statin dose (the assumed average maintenance dose per day) were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.85) for a dose of 0.01 to 0.75 defined daily dose per day, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.89) for 0.76 to 1.50 defined daily dose per day, and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.91) for higher than 1.50 defined daily dose per day; the corresponding hazard ratios for death from cancer were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.86), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.91), and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.92). The reduced cancer-related mortality among statin users as compared with those who had never used statins was observed for each of 13 cancer types.

CONCLUSIONS

Statin use in patients with cancer is associated with reduced cancer-related mortality. This suggests a need for trials of statins in patients with cancer.

A Conference Just in Time

文章日期：2013-05-16 20:29

A conference just in time
多年前當大學生，喜歡在實驗課之後晃到思亮館去聽研討會
我們總是開玩笑說，最少有機會去吃吃COFFEE BREAK的高級餐點
多年過去，對於COFFEE BREAK越來越挑，卻還是喜歡參加研討會
聽來自不同領域的聲音與想法，
算一天下來只聽到幾句令人心動的話
或者比比人家的簡報技巧，都是收穫，
就像今天這場2013 ILA-ASOL ASIA-PACIFIC RESEARCH FORUM
International law and dispute resolution: challenges in the Asia Pacific
[2013年國際法學會亞洲研究論壇- 亞太地區挑戰: 國際法與爭端解決]
來自日本美國越南台灣中國的國際法學者熱烈討論東海南海的問題
大概在其他地方很難有這麼多國家專家能平和的坐在一起討論這些問題
雖然偶爾聞到些許煙硝味

安排豐富的圓桌論壇，還有同步翻譯，口譯者技術高超獨撐全場!
主持人是陳長文律師，果然步調沉穩，有大師風範~
左邊惟一的女性則來自日本，她也說道，日本認為釣魚台是沒有主權爭議的地方

每每覺得，其實政府官員更該靜下心來聽幾場
(或者派人認真聽幾場也可以)，
也許對未來施政能更有願景，更有方向，更說得出所以然

[不管聽眾是小學生還是大專家，大家都喜歡圖片繽紛的簡報檔
只是看到連國際學者都有些採用WIKI的圖片檔時
就開始猶豫到底要不要跟學生說不要隨便引用WIKI的資訊了!]


不過，還是跟往常一樣，
首領帶著大批隨扈，發表完開幕詞就走了~~~~
於是，仍就是言者諄諄，聽者藐藐，實在可惜了~~
再說，在晶華酒店開會很花錢的，結果只喝了一杯咖啡!!!




還有就是，英文再好也請不要賣弄，

美國來的講者溫文的慢慢講，讓與會者能夠清楚了解
反倒是有些臺灣人，不是因為覺得英文不好，就越講越小聲，
就是英文太好，怕人家覺得他英文不夠好，說起話跟連珠炮般不休息，
這樣，對於在場的日本、越南等其他非英語系國的人，其實是不禮貌的。

誰能解讀中國的遠洋漁業?

誰能解讀中國的遠洋漁業?

文章日期：2013-05-15 14:07

    幾年前看過外國人寫有關台灣遠洋漁業的文章，不過就是找年報資料開始拼湊，嘗試了解臺灣，總不免有些誤解或偏見出現。最近幾年，臺灣自己學者寫的文章多了，此類情況就少得多。

      相對的，還是有人對中國有興趣，第一篇文章是2001年代Pauly 等人大膽揭露中國大陸高報沿近海漁業產量。此舉讓中國一度不願意提報漁獲量給FAO、繼而展開漁獲量調查，後來宣稱此虛報狀況已經有效改善。

     第二篇Marine Policy文章在度嘗試用各種資訊了解中國遠洋漁業與非洲的漁業合作關係，當然不免用現有統計資料推測(穿鑿附會)一番。

     第三篇Fish and Fisheries的文章，則是Pauly等人捲土重來，認為中國大陸低報遠洋漁業產量。

     但不知這高報與低報之間，到底中國的總產量、乃至全球的總產量是高是低呢？

     說真的，漁業的不確定性太高，比天氣還難預測的多，這些推估能有多準呢？科學家們心裡也有數，特別是參加過很多科學會議之後，發現許多科學其實也參雜政治色彩，就當是成就一篇篇PAPER吧!

 

Reg Watson & Daniel Pauly, 2001, Systematic distortions in world fisheries catch trends, Nature 414, 534-536 | doi:10.1038/35107050

Over 75% of the world marine fisheries catch (over 80 million tonnes per year) is sold on international markets, in contrast to other food commodities (such as rice). At present, only one institution, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) maintains global fisheries statistics. As an intergovernmental organization, however, FAO must generally rely on the statistics provided by member countries, even if it is doubtful that these correspond to reality. Here we show that misreporting by countries with large fisheries, combined with the large and widely fluctuating catch of species such as the Peruvian anchoveta, can cause globally spurious trends. Such trends influence unwise investment decisions by firms in the fishing sector and by banks, and prevent the effective management of international fisheries.

 

Mallory, T. G. (2013). China's distant water fishing industry: Evolving policies and implications. Marine Policy, 38(0), 99-108. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.05.024

Abstract

This article examines China's distant water fishing industry, with a focus on China's bilateral fisheries access agreements in Africa. The article argues that China largely conforms to international norms and rules on sustainable fisheries, but that challenges remain in efforts to work with China on the sustainable management of fish stocks. Developed countries contribute to China's policies and behavior in international fisheries in both positive and negative ways.

Pauly, D., D. Belhabib, R. Blomeyer, W. W. W. L. Cheung, A. M. Cisneros-Montemayor, D. Copeland, S. Harper, V. W. Y. Lam, Y. Mai, F. Le Manach, H. Österblom, K. M. Mok, L. van der Meer, A. Sanz, S. Shon, U. R. Sumaila, W. Swartz, R. Watson, Y. Zhai, and D. Zeller. 2013. China's distant-water fisheries in the 21st century. Fish and Fisheries: doi: 10.1111/faf.12032.

We conservatively estimate the distant-water fleet catch of the People's Republic of China for 2000–2011, using a newly assembled database of reported occurrence of Chinese fishing vessels in various parts of the world and information on the annual catch by vessel type. Given the unreliability of official statistics, uncertainty of results was estimated through a regionally stratified Monte Carlo approach, which documents the presence and number of Chinese vessels in Exclusive Economic Zones and then multiplies these by the expected annual catch per vessel. We find that China, which over-reports its domestic catch, substantially under-reports the catch of its distant-water fleets. This catch, estimated at 4.6 million t year−1 (95% central distribution, 3.4–6.1 million t year−1) from 2000 to 2011 (compared with an average of 368 000 t·year−1 reported by China to FAO), corresponds to an ex-vessel landed value of 8.93 billion € year−1 (95% central distribution, 6.3–12.3 billion). Chinese distant-water fleets extract the largest catch in African waters (3.1 million t year−1, 95% central distribution, 2.0–4.4 million t), followed by Asia (1.0 million t year−1, 0.56–1.5 million t), Oceania (198 000 t year−1, 144 000–262 000 t), Central and South America (182 000 t year−1, 94 000–299 000 t) and Antarctica (48 000 t year−1, 8 000–129 000 t). The uncertainty of these estimates is relatively high, but several sources of inaccuracy could not be fully resolved given the constraints inherent in the underlying data and method, which also prevented us from distinguishing between legal and illegal catch.

已開發與開發中國家漁業合作的爭論~~

已開發與開發中國家漁業合作的爭論~~

文章日期：2013-05-14 11:48

Gagern, A. and J. van den Bergh (2013). "A critical review of fishing agreements with tropical developing countries." Marine Policy 38(0): 375-386.
心得
-從魚線的盡頭開始，就有不少聲音質疑雙邊漁業合作的模式，美其名能夠充分利用海洋資源、也提供開發中國家經濟資助。
-此篇文章作者(來自歐洲西班牙等國的環保團體)認為許多漁業協定中的遠洋漁業國家已經越來越不負責任(這是在說誰呢)，對於資源傷害日增，而沿岸國受益有限!
-這些文章裡面多少會提到台灣，但因為資訊不充分，往往顯得片段
 ==>我們真的應該好好寫篇有關台灣遠洋漁業雙邊多邊合作的"貢獻"~
Abstract
 Many African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries sell fishing licenses to distant water fleets. Fishing agreements have the potential to improve the performance of local fishing sectors. They create income that can be reinvested into domestic industries and often go along with partnerships in management and enforcement. However, many fishing agreements run a serious risk of undermining sustainable resource management. The present study critically reviews trends in distant water fishing as well as identifies those tropical host countries most dependent on fishing agreements. It is shown that traditional, more responsible distant water fleets (DWFs) are being displaced by less responsible, low-cost DWFs and that the most vulnerable host countries are small coastal states with large exclusive economic zones that lack the ability to benefit from value adding processes associated with fishing. The results suggest that the once-promising concept of fishing agreements is gradually posing a threat to both economic development and environmental sustainability of ACP countries.

太平洋島國絕對不是省油的燈

文章日期：2013-05-14 12:11

Havice, E. and K. Reed (2012). "Fishing for Development? Tuna Resource Access and Industrial Change in Papua New Guinea." Journal of Agrarian Change 12(2-3): 413-435.

心得
  PNG(巴布亞紐新幾內亞，業者又稱之巴新，可不是巴西)，是在國內"赫赫有名"的太平洋島國，早期台灣圍網船(還有其他國家)付費入漁，彼此各取所需，相安無事。
 近來，PNG不再只要"魚"，更想擁有釣竿，這下子開始要求投資罐頭廠、使用當地勞工，於是，重新改寫漁業合作的模式，
   未來將如何發展呢？to be continued.
Abstract
 Papua New Guinea (PNG) is an island state with sovereign rights over valuable tuna resources. Historically, PNG captured value from tuna only by charging licensing fees to foreign fishing fleets, which relegated PNG as a source of raw material for the global tuna industry. To capture more value from tuna – including much-needed jobs and infrastructure – the PNG government now offers firms that invest in domestic tuna processing plants strategic, long-term fishing licences. This strategy of ‘obligating embeddedness’ enables PNG to reorder the international division of labour in the canned tuna sector, but socio-economic outcomes are shaped by competition within the global tuna industry, the core business strategies of foreign firms and domestic conditions in PNG. Ultimately, a state's right to control the terms of access to tuna is not synonymous with its ability to shape the local-level consequences that emerge as firms comply. These findings reveal the peculiar nature of state sovereignty over pelagic marine resources and the complications of exploiting them to achieve domestic economic and social objectives.

新北市可以釣魚的漁港不少

新北市可以釣魚的漁港不少! (不能釣的港也大有人去!)

文章日期：2013-05-14 08:26

在新北市非開放港區下竿 最高罰15萬

【聯合報╱記者黃福其／板橋報導】 2013.05.14 03:37 am

新北市海岸有30處漁港，市府僅公告開放10處漁港部分港區供垂釣；但許多釣友任意在非開放港區或其他漁港下竿，不但妨害漁船、港區車輛進出，還曾發生甩鉛垂、丟酒瓶擊傷漁民等糾紛。市府農業局已與海巡署、警方組成聯合稽查小組，本月至10月鎖定13座漁港加強稽查違法下竿，若釣友拒絕配合，依漁港法可開罰3萬至15萬元。 新北市農業局自1996年配合漁港法修法，在全市30處漁港擇定淡水第二、後厝、草里、中角、水尾、野柳、深澳、水湳洞、和美及福隆等10處漁港，公告部分不影響漁船進出的港區可下竿港釣。 但不少釣客卻常在10處漁港的非公告港釣區下竿，甚至其餘20處漁港也常見釣客身影，以富基、磺港、澳底最多。尤其魚況佳時，釣客蜂擁而至，車輛在港區亂停，屢生糾紛，以夏季晚間最常見。 萬里區漁會總幹事許順發舉例說，野柳港曾發生港區停滿釣客的車，釣客多到連攤販都趕來作生意，不但造成髒亂，還導致接運紅蟳的水車受阻，無法進碼頭接運，船上紅蟳死了不少，漁民平白損失。 另曾有漁船進港受阻，與堤岸上釣客喊話爭吵時，釣客群裡突然拋出一只酒瓶砸傷漁民，因查不到丟瓶者而不了了之。 他說，漁民熱情好客，不會排斥守規矩的釣客，但不守規矩的釣客讓人深惡痛絕，除了市府加強稽查，也希望釣客自制。 漁管處長汪昭華說，夏季白帶魚、硬尾仔或鯖魚等洄游性魚類追逐小魚進漁港，釣客就會湧入，造成漁民困擾、作業受阻；去年起首度進行聯合稽查，共開出約500張勸導單，今年自本月起再度聯合稽查，每周至少一次。

全文網址: 在新北市非開放港區下竿 最高罰15萬 | 大台北 | 地方新聞 | 聯合新聞網 http://udn.com/NEWS/DOMESTIC/DOM2/7895408.shtml#ixzz2TDpVu2ly

韓國海岸廢棄物對於野生動物的衝擊

韓國海岸廢棄物對於野生動物的衝擊Impacts of marine debris on wild animals in the coastal area of Korea

文章日期：2013-05-13 22:59

Reference

Mar Pollut Bull. 2013 Jan 15;66(1-2):117-24. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.10.022. Epub 2012 Nov 28.

Impacts of marine debris on wild animals in the coastal area of Korea.

Hong S, Lee J, Jang YC, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Han D, Hong SH, Kang D, Shim WJ.

Source

摘要

  韓國也體悟到海洋垃圾對於沿海生態系的衝擊，所以在2010年2月到2012年3月，兩年期間收集資料發現有18種鳥類，2種哺乳動物，甲殼類和1種共21種受到衝擊。其中包括五個威脅或保護物種江豚的黑面琵鷺，大天鵝，獐，和彩鷸。其中發現不少休閒漁具，所以，休閒漁業活動應該列為優先管理重點。

==>這件研究有趣的地方是利用公民科學的方式蒐集資料，也就是教育推廣大眾參與並回報資訊!

Abstract

Over the last decade, marine debris has become a major factor affecting the coastal ecosystem of Korea. This study compiled information regarding how marine debris impacts wildlife in Korea. Cases of marine debris impacting wildlife were collected from experts of various fields and from local participants through an open access website from February 2010 to March 2012. A total of 21 species were affected by marine debris: 18 species of birds, 2 species of mammals, and 1 species of crustacean. Five threatened or protected species were identified: black-faced spoonbill, finless porpoise, water deer, whooper swan, and greater painted snipe. Recreational fishing gears were the types of debris that most frequently impacted wildlife, especially birds. Black tailed gulls were the most vulnerable species to recreational fishing hooks and lines. Although it was preliminary, this study revealed that recreational fishing activities should be prioritized when managing marine debris in Korea.

其他參考文獻

Derraik, JoséG.B. (2002). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44(9): 842-852.
Kruger, L. E., Shannon, M. A. (2000). Getting to know ourselves and our places through participation in civic social assessment, Society and Natural Resources, 13: 461-478

以類神經網路辨別VMS資料庫捕撈位置:以秘魯鯷魚圍網為例

文章日期：2013-05-13 17:03

Joo, R., Bertrand, S., Chaigneau, A., & Ñiquen, M. (2011). Optimization of an artificial neural network for identifying fishing set positions from VMS data: an example from the Peruvian anchovy purse seine fishery. Ecological Modelling, 222(4), 1048-1059.

摘要

目前大規模的船隊活動可透過漁船監控系統追蹤查詢，這些漁船位置被期待可用於提升漁獲努力量的估計或管理。但無法提供漁船是否進行捕撈的實際訊息。VMS數據通常只依據簡單的標準進行檢測(例如速度之閾值)，並都集中在檢測真陽性上，並不重視估計誤差。在秘魯鯷魚捕撈的案例中，這些標準高估了總量的182%。為了解決這個問題，本研究將介紹類神經網路(ANN)的方法。為設置ANN參數的最佳化，透過敏感度分析進行幾項優化:(1)內部結構及演算法培訓(2)培訓演算法所需資料庫大小與組成之選取規則。優化後的ANN可改善捕撈位置與數量之估計。在本研究中，ANN減少了1%的估計誤差並獲得了76%的真陽性。儘管是使用於秘魯鯷魚漁業數據，但這種ANN可根據VMS和觀察員的資料運用在各種漁業上，具有廣泛的潛在價值。為了提高ANN結果的準確率，本研究也提出了一些改善利用觀察員和VMS數據抽樣設計的建議。

ABSTRACT:

The spatial behavior of numerous fishing fleets is nowadays well documented thanks to satellite Vessel Monitoring Systems. Vessel positions are recorded on a frequent and regular basis which opens promising perspectives for improving fishing effort estimation and management. However, no specific information is provided on whether the vessel is fishing or not. To answer that question, existing works on VMS data usually apply simple criteria (e.g. threshold on speed). Those simple criteria generally focus in detecting true positives; conversely, estimation errors are given no attention. For our case study, the Peruvian anchovy fishery, those criteria overestimate the total number of fishing sets by 182%. To overcome this problem an artificial neural network (ANN) approach is presented here. In order to set both the optimal parameterization and use “rules” for this ANN, we perform an extensive sensitivity analysis on the optimization of (1) the internal structure and training algorithm of the ANN and (2) the “rules” used for choosing both the relative size and the composition of the databases (DBs) used for training and inferring with the ANN. The “optimized” ANN greatly improves the estimates of the number and location of fishing events. For our case study, ANN reduces the total estimation error on the number of fishing sets to 1% (in average) and obtains 76% of true positives. While fitted on Peruvian anchovy fishery data, this type of neural network approach has wider potential and could be implemented in any fishery relying on both VMS and at-sea observer data. In order to increase the accuracy of the ANN results, we also suggest some criteria for improving sampling design by at-sea observers and VMS data.

南葡萄牙休閒岸釣漁獲量：對資源保護及整合性漁業管理之影響

南葡萄牙休閒岸釣漁獲量：對資源保護及整合性漁業管理之影響

文章日期：2013-05-13 16:53

Veiga P. , J. Ribeiro, J. M. S. Gonc¸alves and K. Erzini. (2010). Quantifying recreational shore angling catch and harvest in southern Portugal (north-east Atlantic Ocean): implications for conservation and integrated fisheries management. J. FISH. BIOL. , 76: 2216-2237.
隨著人類休閒生活發展，漁釣漁業已經在某些國家慢慢的超越商業漁業囉~~
摘要
沿著葡萄牙西南部250公里調查休閒岸釣區域漁獲量及空照之研究並統計從2006年8月至2007年7月期間，依層級隨機抽樣設計以及漁獲量、努力量、丟棄量、釣客人口統計和釣魚習慣之訊息提供。總共進行了192個區域漁獲量調查、24張空照以及訪問1321位。空照部分，總釣魚努力量估計約每年705236 ± 32765小時(平均±標準誤)，相對應每年約166430 ± 9792釣魚人次，則平均每個釣魚人次花費4.7個小時。區域漁獲量調查共記錄了22科，48個物種，其中主要的物種是Diplodus sargus(鯛科)，約佔總漁獲數44%，漁獲量48%。年度總休閒岸釣漁獲量估計約一年162.2 ± 12.6公噸(一年788049 ± 54079條魚) (平均±標準誤)，被保留約一年147.1± 11.9公噸(每年589132 ± 42360條魚)。雖然整體休閒岸釣漁獲量佔商業業性漁獲量約0.8%(僅含常見物種)，但D. sargus在休閒岸釣漁獲量佔商業性漁獲量65%。就整合性漁業管理以及資源保護結果之影響討論並提出今後可行的研究
Abstract
Recreational shore fishing along 250 km of the south and south-west coast of Portugal was studied based on roving creel and aerial surveys. Surveys were conducted between August 2006 and July 2007, following a stratified random-sampling design and provided information on catch and effort, harvest and discards, angler demographics and fishing habits. Overall, 192 roving creel surveys, 24 aerial surveys and 1321 interviews were conducted. Based on the aerial surveys, a mean ± S.E. total fishing effort of 705 236 ± 32 765 angler h year−1 was estimated, corresponding to 166 430 ± 9792 fishing trips year−1. Average time spent per fishing trip was 4.7 h. A total of 48 species, belonging to 22 families, were recorded in roving creel surveys. The most important species was Diplodus sargus, accounting for 44% of the total catches by number and 48% by mass. Estimated mean ± S.E. total annual recreational shore fishing catch was 160.2 ± 12.6 t year−1 (788 049 ± 54 079 fishes year−1), of which 147.4 ± 11.9 t year−1 (589 132 ± 42 360 fishes year−1) was retained. Although overall shore-based recreational catches only corresponded to 0.8% of the commercial landings (only common species considered), D. sargus catches by recreational shore anglers were considerable, corresponding to 65% of the commercial landings. The implications of these results for integrated fisheries management and conservation are discussed, and future research proposed.

NTOU碩士論文基本格式

文章日期：2013-05-12 12:04

幾點注意

1. 章16點字、節14點字、內文12點字，中文標楷體，英文TNR

2.單行間距

3.參考文獻格式，規範說自然論文可用CSE，但是其實不常見，建議可以參考Fisheries Research，APA也OK.

國立臺灣海洋大學博、碩士學位論文格式規範

中華民國102年3月21日修正

壹、印刷用紙格式

一、封面（底）

（一）紙張規格：200磅（g/m2）色紙，上光膠膜（亮）。

（二）封面顏色：各學院選用顏色如下：

3、海洋科學與資源學院：深藍色。

二、內文

1、紙張規格：A4（210mm* 297mm）規格，80磅（g/m2）白紙。

2、印刷方式：正文、參考文獻及附錄採雙面列印外，餘採單面列印。但論文總頁數80頁（含）以下者，得採單面列印。

貳、論文編印次序、版面格式及撰寫格式

一、論文編印次序

編印次序及應包含文件如下：

1、封面（含側邊書背）

2、空白頁

3、書名頁

4、本校博碩士論文紙本及全文上網授權書

5、博碩士紙本論文延後公開/下架申請書（有論文延後公開原因及需求者，無者免附）

6、學位考試及格證明書

7、中文摘要及關鍵詞

8、英文摘要及關鍵詞

9、目次

10、圖目次（無者免附）

11、表目次（無者免附）

12、詞彙或特殊符號說明（無者免附）

13、正文（論文正文）

14、參考文獻

15、附錄（無者免附）

16、封底

二、論文版面格式

（一）版面規格

      上、下邊界2.54cm，左、右邊界3.17cm。字體顏色為黑色，文內要加標點，全文不得塗污刪節，各頁正下方應置中註明頁碼。摘要、目次、正文、參考文獻等的標題或編次文字置中，餘文字左右對齊。

（二）字體

中文以12號標楷體書寫，英文以12號Times New Roman書寫。摘要、目次、正文、參考文獻等的標題或編次字體須加深，文字置中。標題或編次太長，可分二行書寫。

即：

1、摘要Abstract、目次、參考文獻等標題：14號字。

2、章 16號字、節（或1.1） 14號字、內文12號字。

（三）行距

      單行間距（Single-spaced），但標題或編次與內容文字間應空一行。

（四）頁碼

1、書名頁、本校博碩士論文紙本及全文上網授權書、博碩士紙本論文延後公開/下架申請書、學位考試及格證明書之頁次，不必標記頁碼。

2、自中文摘要至正文前，以Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，等大寫羅馬數字連續編碼。

3、正文、參考文獻、附錄以1，2，3，等阿拉伯數字連續編碼。

4、論文每一部份的開始，即：摘要、目次、正文每一章、參考文獻等的開始，均需使用新的一頁，且應以奇數頁為開始。

三、論文撰寫格式

（一）封面（含側邊書背）

1、封面：包括校名、系（所）名稱、學位別、指導教授姓名、中英文論文名稱、研究生姓名及提送年月（民國年、請使用阿拉伯數字）。格式詳【附件一－學位論文封面】。

2、側邊書背：包括校名、系（所）名稱、提送年度（西元年、請使用阿拉伯數字）、學位別、中文論文名稱、研究生姓名。格式詳【附件二－學位論文書背】。

（二）書名頁

中、英文並列，包括論文名稱、研究生及指導教授姓名、校名、系（所）名稱、學位別、提送論文英文說明及地名、提送年月（民國年、請使用阿拉伯數字，與封面提送年月應一致）、本校logo浮水印（書名頁正中間）。格式詳【附件三－學位論文書名頁】。

（三）本校博碩士論文紙本及全文上網授權書

        於本校博碩士論文系統（點選：圖資處網頁"海大博碩士論文系統）上傳建檔完成後，即可直接列印；請以藍筆簽名，以方便辨識非影本。

（四）博碩士紙本論文延後公開/下架申請書（無者免附）

依教育部100年7月1日臺高（二）字第1000108377號函示關於國家圖書館「學位論文公開閱讀及延後公開之處理原則及方式說明」二、（二）3.：有論文延後公開原因及需求者，請查填國家圖書館『博碩士紙本論文延後公開/下架申請書』及本校『論文延後公開申請書』，無者免附。格式詳【附件四－博碩士紙本論文延後公開/下架申請書/本校論文延後公開申請書】。

（五）學位考試及格證明書

通過論文考試，並依學位考試委員意見修正學位論文後，提交學位考試委員會召集人審查通過者，由各系（所）轉發出席論文考試之學位考試委員簽署之學位考試及格證明書。論文考試及格證明書上請使用阿拉伯數字書名論文考試日期。格式詳【附件五－學位考試及格證明書】。

（六）中、英文摘要及關鍵詞

中、英文各以2頁為限。中、英文關鍵詞各4-6個。摘要內容應包含論述重點、方法或程序、結果與討論及結論。經系（所）同意以英文撰寫論文者，仍須附中文摘要。中文摘要及關鍵詞格式詳【附件六－中文摘要及關鍵詞】，英文摘要及關鍵詞格式詳【附件七－英文摘要及關鍵詞】。

（七）目次

包括中英文摘要、目次、圖目次、表目次、詞彙或特殊符號說明、正文、參考文獻、附錄及其所在頁數。格式詳【附件八－目次】。

（八）圖、表目次（無者免附）

各章節內所使用之圖或表及其所在頁數。各依其應用順序，不分章節連續編號，表列一頁目次。格式詳【附件九－圖、表目次】。

圖或表非自製而係擷取自參考文獻者，須於本文圖或表之位置下緣標註資料來源。

（九）詞彙或特殊符號說明（無者免附）

各章節內所使用之詞彙或特殊符號及其所在頁數。各依其應用順序，不分章節連續編號，表列一頁目次。

（十）正文

1、論文正文

學位論文以中文撰寫為原則，已取得他種學位之學位論文，不得再行提出。

2、論文註釋

援引或擷取自參考文獻之論述，應使用註釋（footnote）說明。註釋順序編號採全文連續編號，編號標於相關文右上角。註釋號碼及內容的位置，於同頁底端版面內，與正文之間加劃棋線，本面不足容納可延用至次頁的底端版面。註釋內容中文以10號新細明體書寫，英文以10號Times New Roman書寫。格式則依各系（所）學術領域的慣用格式訂定，或由指導教授指定。參考範例詳【附件十－學位論文註釋範例】。

（十一）參考文獻

正文中任何引用或使用他人的資料，不論是書籍、期刊文章、網站文章、學位論文、技術資料或已接受（付梓）但尚未出刊（版）的文章（書籍），均應尊重智慧財產權，列明出處。內容須包含作者姓名、書籍/文章/論文/技術資料名稱、出版期刊名稱、出版年次、版序、頁碼等。

所有參考文獻資料，均置於論文正文之後，獨立另起一頁，頁碼接續正文編號。各類資料項目排列順序依作者姓氏之筆畫（英文字母為順序）遞增排序，格式則依各系（所）學術領域的慣用格式訂定，或由指導教授指定。

參、其他注意事項

一、論文註釋、參考文獻的書寫方式

格式依各系（所）學術領域的慣用格式訂定，或由指導教授指定。提供參考書籍如下：

（一）CSE（Council of Science Editors）：自然、理工學科適用。可參考Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (7th ed.).

（二）APA（American Psychological Association）：社會學科適用。可參考American Psychological Association, Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.), 2009. 亦可查詢APA網站：http://www.apastyle.org/。

（三）MLA（Modern Language Association）：人文學科適用。可參考Joseph Gibaldi, MLA論文寫作手冊第6版，黃嘉音譯，臺北：書林出版有限公司，二刷，2005年9月。

（四）法學可參考The Harvard Law Review Association, The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (8th ed.), 2006.

二、論文繳交

研究生修畢應修科目與學分、符合各系（所）其他規定及通過論文考試與論文審查，並完成成績登錄者，應於通過學位考試之該學期學校行事曆規定學期結束日前，繳交附有學位考試及格證明書正本之學位論文紙本，並辦妥離校程序後，始得發予學位證書。繳交之學位論文紙本冊數，系（所）依系（所）規定；學校圖書館2冊（平裝）；教務處註冊課務組（進修推廣組）1冊（平裝）。另需於本校博碩士論文系統完成論文線上建檔。

附件請上 http://academic.ntou.edu.tw/course/www/rule/  下載

Basic writing tips for thesis

文章日期：2013-05-09 13:20

1. Reference
   especially in the Introduction, use as much as reference as possible.
2. Tense
    for those previous research outcomes and results, using "past tense'  but not present tense.
   If it is truth for now, then use present tense.
  

北護大樓啟用典禮

文章日期：2013-05-06 20:24

經過十多年，北護大樓終於完成
經過年初的搬遷、混亂，終於有暇在溫暖五月天舉行啟用典禮
"薪火相傳"，這是台大體系的玩意兒。
就開開心心辦典禮吧!

解釋最新啟用的電腦叫號系統

少不了剪綵儀式



還有十五分鐘舞獅秀


剪綵官---北護七仙女

院長致詞


台大院長致詞

台大管樂五重奏的小朋友精采演出


社區老人秀! 老師好努力啊!

院長致詞

字正腔圓的主持人


幕後籌畫 小宏

MPA successful factors成功要素 2001

文章日期：2013-05-06 09:35

摘要
1.以菲律賓VISAYAS  45個MPA社區為個案研究對象
2.方法:利用相關分析及逐步迴歸篩選設置MPA的成功要素
3.結論: MPA成功因素包括: 社區人口數、體認到漁業資源減少、成功的轉業計畫、社區高度參與決策、執行機關的持續回饋，以及地方政府的參與。
Ref:
Pollnac, R. B., Crawford, B. R., & Gorospe, M. L. G. (2001). Discovering factors that influence the success of community-based marine protected areas in the Visayas, Philippines. Ocean & Coastal Management, 44(11–12), 683-710. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(01)00075-8
Abstract
Community-based marine protected areas have become a popular coastal resources management method advocated in many projects and programs. While many case studies have been written about factors contributing to project success, few empirical studies using quantitative methods have been employed. A study was conducted of 45 community-based marine protected areas in Philippines. Several success measures were developed and analyzed in relation to a number of independent variables categorized as contextual or project intervention factors. Correlations between individual factors and the dependent variables are discussed. Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the most important predictors of success. These included: population size of the community, a perceived crisis in terms of reduced fish populations, successful alternative income projects, high levels of participation in community decision making, continuing advice from the implementing organization and inputs from local government. The implications of these results for policy makers and project managers are discussed.

MPA successful factors成功要素 -1996

文章日期：2013-05-06 09:42

摘要
MPA蓬勃發展的過程中，有許多重要限制因素，例如
資金來源、專家投入、完整資訊等等，而策略規劃、對資源的依賴程度，以及分區規劃，都會影響MPA的成功與否。

Alder, J. (1996). Have tropical marine protected areas worked? An initial analysis of their success. Coastal Management, 24(2), 97-114. doi:
Abstract
This article presents an analysis of a survey of the current state of marine protected area (MPA) management and describes possible factors associated with their perceived success throughout the tropics. Considerable progress has been made in the establishment of MPAs in both developing and developed nations, but the formulation and implementation of management plans has lagged behind. Funding, expertise, and lack of information have constrained planning and management of MPAs in several tropical nations. Despite the promotion of ecologically sustainable development and the involvement of local communities or stakeholders within protected areas, few countries incorporate these principles in the management of MPAs. Tropical MPAs are considered to be of limited success by area managers. Several interrelated factors, such as strategic planning and reliance on coastal resources and zoning schemes, may influence the success of these areas.

MPA successful factors 成功要素 -2011

文章日期：2013-05-06 09:53

同位作者在2001年研究菲律賓MPA成功要素後，十年後再做一次類似研究，用PCA分析要素。
Pollnac, R., & Seara, T. (2011). Factors influencing success of marine protected areas in the Visayas, Philippines as related to increasing protected area coverage. Environmental Management, 47(4), 584-592.
Throughout the world there is a general consensus among environmentalists that there should be an
increase in the amount of marine area that should be reserved in marine protected areas (MPAs). In fact, the 1998 Philippines Fishery Code indicates a need for designation of at least 15% of municipal waters for fish refuges or sanctuaries. Such an increase in area would take productive fishing areas away from fishing communities that can ill-afford the loss. The larger the protected area, there will be a greater number of people impacted. This article examines the relationship between factors that influence
the success of Community Based MPA (CBMPA) performance in the Visayas, Philippines and their significance in efforts to increase the size of protected areas.

MPA successful factors 成功要素 -2009

文章日期：2013-05-06 10:05

MPA的成功與否，至少必須從生態跟社會面來剖析，
科學研究基礎很重要，才能從生態面落實保育，而相關機構間的整合也是成功要素。特別是建立監控機制、尋找共同目標、法令支持等都不可或缺。
Lowry, G. K., White, A. T., & Christie, P. (2009). Scaling Up to Networks of Marine Protected Areas in the Philippines: Biophysical, Legal, Institutional, and Social Considerations. Coastal Management, 37(3-4), 274-290. doi: 10.1080/08920750902851146
The growing number of marine protected areas (MPAs) globally represents an increasing
interest in marine conservation and fisheries management and the potential of planned
and managed MPA networks as a way of strengthening local management. This study
documents the development of MPA networks in the Philippines and identifies critical
success factors and issues. Methods were field observation by participation in MPA
and fisheries management projects and focused interviews that gathered opinions and
observations of primary MPA network stakeholders in the central Visayas region. Findings show that an MPA network is defined through social and ecological criteria. From
a social perspective, a network is comprised of people and organizations that manage
component MPAs, benefit from the network, and promote the network’s viability through
shared administrative responsibility and information. To qualify as part of an ecological
network, individual MPAs must interact ecologically (e.g., source or sink of larvae and
propagating organisms, protection for habitat, and threatened or endangered species)
to enhance fisheries and biodiversity conservation. The study found that while social
and ecological criteria are shaping MPA networks through science-based planning,
integrated management, and coordination, there exist numerous institutional issues related to scaling up to networks from single MPAs. Issues pertain to: limiting access
to resources, boundary delineation, monitoring compliance, finding common goals and
identity, and conflict resolution. Factors correlated with management success included
common institutional processes and legal support, improved understanding of benefits
from a network and improved habitat conditions and fishery yields associated with MPAs

MPA successful factors 成功要素 -2010

文章日期：2013-05-06 10:13

成功的海洋保護區規劃，首要有立法、正致力以及足夠的資源(資金)，其次則需要科學研究與社區支持
Gleason, M., McCreary, S., Miller-Henson, M., Ugoretz, J., Fox, E., Merrifield, M., . . . Hoffman, K. (2010). Science-based and stakeholder-driven marine protected area network planning: A successful case study from north central California. Ocean & Coastal Management, 53(2), 52-68. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2009.12.001
The planning process for California’s Marine Life Protection Act in north central California represents
a case study in the design of a regional component of a statewide network of marine protected areas
(MPAs) for improved ecosystem protection. We describe enabling factors, such as a legislative mandate,
political will, and adequate capacity and funding that fostered a successful planning process. We identify strategic principles that guided the design of a transparent public planning process that delivered
regional MPA network proposals, which both met science guidelines and achieved a high level of support
among stakeholders. We also describe key decision support elements (spatial data, planning tools, and
scientific evaluation) that were essential for designing, evaluating, and refining alternative MPA network
proposals and for informing decision-makers.

MPA successful factors 成功要素 -2009 for Indonesia

文章日期：2013-05-06 10:45

此篇印尼研究顯示，社區機構以及執法為重要成功因素

Factors influencing the success of community-based marine protected areas in North Sulawesi Indonesia

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to examine factors that influence the success of community based marine protected areas in North Sulawesi Indonesia. The research took place in North Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. A multi-methods approach was used including administration of a survey questionnaire to a random sample of household respondents, use of secondary data, key informant interviews and direct observations within the field sites. Results demonstrate that community-based management interventions and community responses are complex and varied. Progress in establishing community-based marine protected areas was related to community context and the amount and type of project interventions provided. The role of community organizers was also an influencing factor. Compliance with resource management and conservation rules was related to the distance of the reef area to a settlement. Effective enforcement measures can be tailored to the type of violator and the type of rules. Local rules can be effectively enforced when the violator is from the community. Enforcement is more difficult when the violator is from outside the village. Alternative livelihood strategies provide only a small degree of impact on reducing fishing effort if not coupled with effort restriction or limited entry strategies. Community development interventions play an important role in promoting successful conservation strategies. The dynamic nature of the human ecology of coastal communities defies any form of highly predictive cause and effect linkages assumed in most project logic models Since complexity is inherent in the human component of the ecosystem, the uncertainty of human responses to management interventions requires an adaptive and ecosystems-based management approach. ^

Subject Area

Natural Resource Management|Environmental Sciences|Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture

Recommended Citation

Brian R Crawford, "Factors influencing the success of community-based marine protected areas in North Sulawesi Indonesia" (2009). Dissertations and Master's Theses (Campus Access). Paper AAI3401134.
http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI340113