這篇文章2013年刊在 Coastal Management
2011臺灣民眾海洋意識之探討
Public Ocean Awareness in Taiwan
臺灣是個海島國家，過去受傳統大陸型思維模式影響，忽略環海的資源與優勢。近年來因應國際社會對海洋資源開發與保育的日益重視，我國政府開始以海洋為主軸，積極推展海洋政策，包括加強海洋教育，以帶動各項發展，落實「海洋興國」的目標。本研究旨在瞭解臺灣民眾對海洋環境的認識，並分析民眾對於海洋相關政策與議題的看法。研究對象為全臺灣（含離島）年滿20歲以上民眾，依據縣市人口比例採分層隨機抽樣，依據對海洋治理的態度、海洋環境保護的認知、海洋資源的保育及利用、海洋休閒與遊憩等四大議題設計問卷，調查於2010年10月至12月進行，利用電話成功完訪1120人，其中男性513人（45.8%），女性607人（54.2%），教育程度中以大學/專比例最高340人(34.8%），並對性別、年齡及教育程度進行事後分層加權。結果顯示民眾對海洋國家公園、海洋事務推行委員會、中華白海豚保護活動、海岸清潔及漁業管理等政策了解的比例不到20%。關於海洋環境保護之公共事務，超過6成的民眾對氣候暖化、漏油污染、珊瑚白化等環境議題上有普遍的認識，對禁止捕捉豆腐鯊和限制捕捉黑鮪有將近7成表示支持及認同，代表民眾日益重視海洋資源與環境的保育。有關海洋資源利用，48.4%民眾每週食用海鮮等魚類三次以上，其頻率相當高，但將近8成對於海鮮食品產銷履歷和生態標章並不熟悉。在海洋休閒與遊憩中，全臺42.2%的民眾會游泳，且男性會游泳比例高於女性。在海洋和水上遊憩活動、離島旅遊方面，有超過3成民眾較少參與，顯示民眾參與度仍有限，可再加強推展海洋休閒遊憩的活動及種類。本研究結果係首次針對臺灣民眾海洋整體議題的了解進行全面性調查。建議政府可透過新聞媒體中提昇民眾對海洋議題的認識及海洋生態資源的環保意識，同時向下扎根積極推展海洋教育，建立全民的海洋意識，以利臺灣整體海洋政策的推展。
Taiwan is an island country. In the past, we ignored the resources and the advantages of the surrounding sea because of the traditional ideological mode of mainland. In recent years, because of the increasing attention on protection and conservation on marine resources of international society, Taiwanese government has adopted many marine policies, including strength of marine education, to implement the goal that ocean makes the country prosperous. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the public awareness of marine environment in Taiwan and analyze the perspectives related to marine issues. The samplings are stratified by county on the adult population who are 20-years old in Taiwan (including off-shore islands). The questionnaire was designed in accordance with the awareness of marine governance, marine environment and resources protection, marine resource care and use, and access to the sea and ocean recreational activity. The surveys had completed 1120 telephone interviewees (45.8% male and 54.2% female) during October to December in 2010. Regarding the education, the college graduates has highest percentage of 34.8%. Post-stratification weighting are conducted based on gender, age level and education level. The results showed less than 20% of the public had the knowledge of related policies such as marine national park, coastal cleaning, fishery industry management and etc. The public had higher recognition (66.3%) on marine protection issues such as global warming, oil leak pollution, oceanic garbage. In addition, more than 78.2% express support in prohibiting whale shark fishing and setting up bluefin tuna fishing limits. It means the public take the marine resource and the environment grdadually. Regarding the use of marine resources, 48.4% ate seafood or fishes 3 times a week. However, almost 80% were not familiar with traceability system and eco-label. Regarding the access to the sea capability, 42.2% of the public are capable of swimming; the percentage of male was higher than female. There were around 30% people did not participate on marine recreational activities. It showed there are space for outreach and promotion. This study is the first full survey on the public awareness of marine issues. It is suggested the government could introduce more ocean issues and conservation concept through media. In addition, conduct more ocean education, build public ocean awareness will be positive on the development of marine education and marine policy decision-making.
